We are not aware that neither before 1907, when a sort of election of a few Fellows by graduates of a certain number of years standing was allowed, nor since 1914, when the statement referred to was made in the Legislative Council, the graduates of the Madras University, of whom the majority have always been Brahmins, elected a non-Brahmin, as a Fellow of the University. 4 0 obj It is our firm conviction that in India, for some time to come at any rate, every community has primarily to put its own house in order, so that, when it has to co-operate with other communities, possibly with higher social pretentions, it may do so, not as a dependent and helpless unit to be made a figure head or cats-paw of, but as a self-respecting and highly developed social organitsation, offering its willing co-operation for the promotion of common objects on terms of perfect equality. 5ylWuP.%"W`K`o=e~]W0,,,,,,/1CN9s:ttwp: This manifesto which came to be known as the Non-Brahmin Manifesto of 1916 was designed to secure the advancement of Non-Brahmins in the face of the so-called Brahmin monopoly in education, and in the professional and Government services. They had strengthened the journey of the Movement in their own way to achieve the ideals setforth by the founders of the Movement. cit., Appendix 1. It is our firm conviction that in India, for some time to come at any rate, every community has primarily to put its own house in order, so that, when it has to co-operate with other communities, possibly with higher social pretentions, it may do so, not as a dependent and helpless unit to be made a figure head or cats-paw of, but as a self-respecting and highly developed social organitsation, offering its willing co-operation for the promotion of common objects on terms of perfect equality. In spite of the singular solicitude, which for reasons not apparent, the Department of Education has been showing for the education of Brahmin girls and especially of Brahmin widows as if the Brahmins were IA backward class, the percentage of literates among the women of such non-Brahmin communities as the Nayars is higher than among the Brahmins. The manifesto became a significant document that would later shape the rise of the Dravidian movement. That was when Maraimalai Adikal (Swami Vethachalam) launched the pure Tamil movement against the use of Sanskrit words in Tamil. The Hon. While felicitating, Dr.K.Veeramani proudly said, the dignitaries are the products of the labourious contributions of the Dravidian Movement. He is reported to have stated that in the competitive examinations for the Provincial Civil Service, which were held between 1892 and 1904, out of sixteen successful Candidates fifteen were Brahmins, giving a ratio of 95 percent of Brahmin success. The fact cannot be gainsaid that, in spite of the numerous obstacles in their path, as executive and judicial officers, as educationists, lawyers, medical men, engineers, public men and as successful administrators of large and important estates, the non-Brahmin communities have produced men of distinguished attainments and unquestioned eminence, some of whom have found no equals in the Brahmin caste. It is the effect on the cause, already existed in the society, discriminating people based on their birth in a particular community. endstream endobj 35 0 obj <>stream endobj Since the Executive, Council of H. E. the Governor has been opened to Indians, three Indian gentlemen have been admitted into it in succession, the two latter being Brahmin lawyers, Of the live Indian Judges of the High Court, four of them, i.e. He called it as one "calculated to be harmful to the common causes and probably likely to promote the best interest of the classes, whom it sought to serve". . Periyar felt happy in the elevation of people like me, who hail from the most backward community. The Non-Brahmin Manifesto", issued in December 1916 by the Association's Secretary, Theagaraya Chettiar defined "the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called "The Indian Home Rule Movement.". During my service in the higher judiciary, I delivered many judgments enabling dispensation of Social Justice through the means of reservation, as enshrined in the Indian Constitution. But in what passes for politics in Madras they have not taken the part to which they are entitled. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party . 15 Sep 2021 . In these days of organised effort, they maintain no proper organisations for protecting and promoting their common interests and for preventing professional and other politicians, with hardly any corresponding stake in the country, from posing as their accredited spokesmen, Nor have they a press of their own to speak the truth on their behalf. 0000028620 00000 n The non-Brahmin urban middle class started unifying themselves and the 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' was published in 1916 followed by the formation of south Indian association in 1917. (b) What is the Non-Brahmin Manifesto? Where an electorate is composed of a large number of Brahmins, the non-Brahmin Indian has hardly a chance., It nearly always happens that while the non-Brahmins do not concentrate upon a single candidate, Brahmin or non-Brahmin, the Brahmins nearly always unite and support their caste man, The Madras University, of which the majority of Indian Fellows, classified under the several Indian groups, are Brahmins, has never returned a non-Brahmin Indian, to the local Legislative Council, so much so that no non-Brahmin Indian, however well qualified otherwise, indulges in the hope of getting elected as member for the University in the Legislative Council, unless it be with the support of the European Fellows, At a meeting of the Madras Legislative Council, held in November 1914, in reply to an interpellation by the late Mr. Kunhi Raman Nayar, it was stated that the total number of registered graduates of the University was 650 of whom 452; were Brahmins, 12 non-Brahmin Hindus and 74 belonged to other communities, and that since 1907, when election of Fellows by registered graduates began, 12 Fellows were elected, of whom with one exception all were Brahmins. If, occasionally, a fair minded ruler endeavours to correct the inequality arising from the preponderance of Brahmins on any public body by having recourse to nominations of individuals from comparatively unrepresented interests, he is severely criticised in the Brahmin press. But the non-Brahmins must first help themselves, Let them do everything needful to ensure a continued educational, social, political and economical development on abroad and enduring basis; and, then, their future as British subjects will be brighter and more prosperous than it is today, What is designated as "Nation building" is a laborious task, involving, and indeed necessitating, in the slow process of evolution, the due performance, in the proper time by each class and community, of the duty it owes to itself first and foremost. In the manifesto, the Dravidian concept was anti-Brahmin specific because the patrons of the movement, the British imperialist rulers, had wanted it that way." The cause of revolt against Brahmin . At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the interests of the same community, In accordance with this a Joint Stock Company has been started under the name of "South Indian People's Association" for conducting a daily newspaper in English, Tamil and Telugu, respectively, and also a Political Association has been formed under the name of The South Indian Liberal Federation.". 0000005990 00000 n The manifesto became an important document that would shape the rise of Dravidian movement later. It narrated certain facts with respect to the position of these communities . 0000005521 00000 n Great and pressing is the task. x\_s8wj_ **;v=;SWHDH| )JMTML hbo?w^`);x~:>~"BT|)Y,L~}1x|P?dq|j1~L(/Gu0Y]'t~{_,2}y:+w/5>ii9E c-?'n9 vC'!_xa" R+V>x@2~<>?N/Fb? 0000032915 00000 n Earlier in 2002, the court had lifted the ban on appointing non-Brahmins as temple priests. nova credit union covid loan; bryant school district jobs; the drum major instinct summary opinion, among others of the 40 millions of non-Brahmins of this large and important province, It is our unfortunate experience also that as concessions and rights are more freely bestowed, the rigidly exclusive caste grows still more rigid and exclusive. I was dutiful to Thanthai Periyars ideology of Social Justice. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party One, of the earliest lower caste movements, which became the torch bearer for the future caste movements, was founded in Maharashtra in the 1870s by Jyotibha Phule, who with his books Gulamgiri (1872) and Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak and his organisation Satya Shodhak Samaj, proclaimed the need "to save the lower castes from . We are of those who think that in the truest and best interest of India, its Government should continue to be conducted on true British principles of justice and equality of opportunity. The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India.It was established on 20 November 1916 in Victoria Public Hall in Madras by Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar and co-founded by T. M. Nair, P. Theagaraya Chetty and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. He called it as one "calculated to be harmful to the common causes and probably likely to promote the best interest of the classes, whom it sought to serve". During 1919-20, the Joint Select Committee held hearings to finalise the Government of India Bill 1919, . We appeal to the enlightened members of the non-Brahmin communities to be up and doing, their future lies in their own hands. :^|; )"+e.replace(/([\.$? NonBrahmin Manifesto is not based on the origin of races. In the Mysore State, where open competitive examinations for the Mysore Civil Service were held during the preceding 20 years, Brahmins secured 85 percent of the vacancies, In the competition for the appointment of Assistant Engineers in Madras, the number of successful candidates, during the same period, was; 17 Brahmins and four non-Brahmins. My father was a functionary in Justice Party and got elected as Counsellor in the Madras Corporation. The columns of The Hindu, for instance, were now open to all, including panchamas, and the latter had come to enjoy 'equality and fraternity in the eyes of the law' (NI 22.8.17). trailer Similar results were produced by the competitive examination for the Accounts Departments. Periyar lived as an example to the ideals emphasized in the Kural couplet. 1-7. 0000024697 00000 n 0000004047 00000 n Seminar on What did Justice Party achieve?. As there was rapid growth of education in Madras Presidency, there was an increase in the number of educated non-Brahmins. 0 0000010924 00000 n Mr.S.V.Chittibabu, former Vice Chancellor of Madurai and Annamalai Universities. Get all the latest information on Events, Sales and Offers. SELF GOVERNMENT BASED ON EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF POWER. It is not necessary for our purpose to go into the details of this extravagant scheme, or into those of the other submitted to His Excellency the Viceroy by nineteen members of the Imperial Legislative Council, We are not in favour of any measure, which, in operation, is designed, or tends completely, to undermine the influence and authority of the British Rulers, who alone, in the present circumstances of India, are able to hold the scales even between creed and class, and to develop that sense of unity and national solidarity, without which India will continue to be a congeries of mutually exclusive and warring groups, without a common purpose and a common patriotism. eap%Nngh ]aRae"'Tx\{" ":b-2?suf3z&fes|RR1q)~ZCA7!Au;Sk#l6La3_ b` @ n1 We do not deny that in these days of fierce intellectual competition the skill to pass examinations is a valuable personal possession. xref In a variety of ways and in different walks of life, non-Brahmins will now be found unostentatiously, and yet effectively, contributing to the moral and material progress of this presidency, But these and their brethren have so far been groping helpless in the background, because of the subtle and manifold Ways in which political power and official influences are often exercised by the Brahmin caste. When I served as the Chief Justice of Punjab and Haryana High Court, I implemented the reservation policy for the first time in the appointment of Judges and other judiciary staff in those States. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Non-brahmin Manifesto was the first statute which enabled due provisions in the Indian Constitution to include social justice in independent India. At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the . The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by a) C.Natesan b) Pitty Theyagarayar c) T.M.Nair d)Raja of Panagal. We do not deny that in these days of fierce intellectual competition the skill to pass examinations is a valuable personal possession. Examine the origin and growth of Non-Brahmin Movement in Tamil Nadu. Indeed, a more vigorous educational policy for the non-Brahmins has long been over-due. 0000026292 00000 n There was an increase in the number of educated non-Brahmins. Similar results were produced by the competitive examination for the Accounts Departments. To quote one of the latest instances, of the 15 gentlemen elected from this presidency to represent it on the All India Congress Committee, with the exception of one solitary non-Brahmin Indian, all are practically Brahmins, and yet the decision of this committee, which is the executive of the Congress, upon matters of grave import, such as the revision of the Indian Constitution after the war, will be held up to the world's admiring gaze as the considered. The year 1916 was significant. The manifesto articulated the voice of the non-Brahmin communities. ^!{X(@L1qZ';P< Communal division between Brahmins and non . Thus, Montagu-Chelmsford Report, issued on 2 July 1918, denied the request. 0000001477 00000 n 0000026404 00000 n Many Non-Brahmins were pained and surprised at the P.Thiyagaraya chetti issued the historic document popularly known as Non-Brahmin Manifesto. As part of the yearlong celebrations of the Justice Party, the centenary commencement of Proclamation of Non-brahmin Manifesto (20th December 1916) was celebrated on 20th December 2015 at Periyar Thidal, Chennai. Democratic in aims, an irresponsible bureaucracy now manipulates its wires. 0000031561 00000 n But at the time of its release, it received widespread criticism; Tamil Nadu's legacy of social justice owes its existence to the formative years of Justice Party in power. (c) Why did EVR join the Non-Brahmin Movement? Manifesto definition: A manifesto is a statement published by a person or group of people, especially a. stream 17. EL_W+ Periyar Footprints Of The Original 'Anti . Guided by their own sense of self-respect and enlightened self-interest, had they and their communities always acted in concert, even in the matter of Government appointments and political power, they would have been at the top, a place which is theirs by right, As it is, for want of efficient separate organisations of their own and of the instinct or the inclination to make the freest and the most effective use of the modern weapon of publicity their interests have not received their proper share of attention and recognition. The South Indian peoples Association has issued the following Manifesto addressed to non-Brahmin gentlemen throughout the presidency under the signature of its Secretary, Rao Bahadur P. Theagaraya Chettiar. At the time, it served as a political rallying cry for the communist movement in Europe. During my judicial service, I met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings and wishes. It is curious to note that even where competitive examinations did not exist, as for instance in the Subordinate Judicial Service of the presidency, the major portion of the appointments was in the hands of the Brahmins, Sir Alexander Cardew stated that, out of 128 permanent District Munsiffs in 1913, 93 were Brahmins, 25 non-Brahmin Hindus and the rest Muhammadans, Indian Christiane, Europeans and Anglo-Indians, From these and other figures of a like nature, he naturally concluded that an open competition for the Civil Service in India would mean almost complete monopoly of the service by the Brahmin caste and the practical exclusion from it of the non-Brahmin classes. Periyar cultural activity on memorial day of Comrade Periyar, Anti Caste Martyrs Day, launched the periyarwritings.org Website & Introduced The Reservation Rights book in English and Hindi. The government pressed on with its efforts to reduce Brahmin dominance in public services, Brahmin to non-Brahmin ratio in superior services was 70:30 in 1904. ]_2~b9gHZO(G'\yW9\^NBx^|\>9} =7WXWR0.iJ@^~QZv O~GNZ9.>`39lBJ?t!X)WC a{9`=~;7(~nm7\3)3?R/+/GL3Oxq The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by a) C. Natesan 16. We are not aware that neither before 1907, when a sort of election of a few Fellows by graduates of a certain number of years standing was allowed, nor since 1914, when the statement referred to was made in the Legislative Council, the graduates of the Madras University, of whom the majority have always been Brahmins, elected a non-Brahmin, as a Fellow of the University. Self Respectful S.Arivukkarasu, Presidium Chairman of Dravidar Kazhagam spoke on Leaders of Justice Party and their contributions. It was from within the nationalist movement in Madras presidency that in 1916 a group of prominent actors broke ranks with the Indian National Congress and issued a 'manifesto' of the 'Non-Brahmin'. In a well-thought out manifesto issued under his signature as the Secretary of the Sounth Indian Peoples' Association, the aim of the Non-Brahmin Movemnet was clearly set forth and their attitude towards the political movements of the day lucidly explained. One, of the earliest lower caste movements, which became the torch bearer for the future caste movements, was founded in Maharashtra in the 1870s by Jyotibha Phule, who with his books Gulamgiri (1872) and Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak and his organisation Satya Shodhak Samaj, proclaimed the need "to save the lower castes . At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the interests of the same community, In accordance with this a Joint Stock Company has been started under the name of South Indian Peoples Association for conducting a daily newspaper in English, Tamil and Telugu, respectively, and also a Political Association has been formed under the name of The South Indian Liberal Federation.. The Hon. 0000002079 00000 n With which they are confronted. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party . No one denies, this. Besant's association with Brahmins and her vision of a homogeneous India based on Brahminical values brought her into direct conflict with Justice. Not less than 40 out of 41% millions, who form the population of this presidency, are non-Brahmins, and the bulk of the tax payers, including a. large majority of the zamindars, landholders and agriculturists, also belong to the same class. Since then several non-brahmin conferences have been held at important district centres. We sincerely hope that sane and sober politicians, who know the country and its people, and who feel their responsibility to both, will soon reassert their mastery over the Congress machine, and direct it in strict accordance with the living realities of the present. endstream endobj 20 0 obj <>>> endobj 21 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 515.906 756.85]/Type/Page>> endobj 22 0 obj <> endobj 23 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj <> endobj 25 0 obj <> endobj 26 0 obj [/ICCBased 44 0 R] endobj 27 0 obj <> endobj 28 0 obj <> endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj <> endobj 31 0 obj <>stream hWZt.of{qzM\ :M43P7*Y1hg{2":]/B,(~6Vzw@D~w6;WK ULR/Z~g>5|geBgv]^Yb2)BR%z[[s4IW5rqxTf7|gM^5d+W0,0NVoa]=l_ rlH0MHd0*1 But the spirit in which, the method by which, and the persons by whom, it is at present worked cannot, all of them, commend themselves to the thinking and self-respecting section of the non-Brahmin public of this presidency, The social reactionary and the impatient political idealists, who seldom has his foot on solid earth, have now taken almost complete possession of the Congress. Nair. The two leaders often clashed at Council meetings even though both were non-Brahmins. Since the Executive, Council of H. E. the Governor has been opened to Indians, three Indian gentlemen have been admitted into it in succession, the two latter being Brahmin lawyers, Of the live Indian Judges of the High Court, four of them, i.e. c. The Congress also mainly consisted of Brahmins. They raised the issue of caste discrimination and unequal opportunities in government employment and representation in elected bodies, which were dominated by Brahmins. Some of the old ideals are still there. T.Nagar is a locality in Chennai which is named after him. But we cannot help calling attention to the highest appointments open to the Indian in this presidency and the principle upon which they are distributed. THE NON-BRAHMIN MANIFESTO (1916) At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also . In my judgment I have mentioned Thanthai Periyar and his contributions in ensuring Social Justice to the oppressed people. 0000003479 00000 n So, the belief that the death of gangster Vikas Dubey and his five "Brahmin henchmen" in a police encounter will change this trend is unfounded. A non-Brahmin manifesto was issued by the then member of the legislative council P Kesava Pillai. Surely, in these services the preponderance of Brahmins would be still more striking. 0000012602 00000 n My functioning in the higher judiciary was commended by the former union law minister late Sankaranand for the cause of Social Justice. 0000006533 00000 n During the Centenary of Non Brahmin Manifesto Proclamation, many eminent persons who claimed in the social and governance ladder due to the labourious contributions of the Dravidian Movement were felicitated. The other was The South India Liberal Federation, which was "to promote the interests of non-Brahmin Caste Hindus" .The first issue of the paper called Justice appeared on February 26, 1917. Non-Brahmin Manifesto was proclaimed by Sir Pitti.Theagarayar, narrating the social conditions of non-brahmins in the erstwhile Madras Presidency and the unreasonable monopoly of Brahmins in the education and employment areas. 3 0 obj Of course, he did not invite the attention of the Public Service Commission to what prevailed in the important Native States directly under the control of the Madras Government, where, too, the preponderance of Brahmins in the Government Service then, as now, Was not less marked, Nor did lie go into the figures relating to the subordinate services, which are recruited under a system almost wholly of patronage. As a gesture of acknowledgement the felicitated dignitaries spoke as follows: Justice V.Ramaswami, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India. In that way I feel myself as part and parcel of the Dravidian Movement. position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. The Non-Brahmin Manifesto attacked injustice; the Justice Party sought a remedy by the earliest adoption of reservation and secularisation by law. It was established in 1916 by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in Madras Presidency. But we cannot help calling attention to the highest appointments open to the Indian in this presidency and the principle upon which they are distributed. non brahmin manifesto was issued by whom. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. 0000032238 00000 n K.S. To quote one of the latest instances, of the 15 gentlemen elected from this presidency to represent it on the All India Congress Committee, with the exception of one solitary non-Brahmin Indian, all are practically Brahmins, and yet the decision of this committee, which is the executive of the Congress, upon matters of grave import, such as the revision of the Indian Constitution after the war, will be held up to the worlds admiring gaze as the considered. Whenever I got elevation in my career I used to come to Periyar Thidal, showed the relevant order of elevation to Periyar. Chetty, as secretary of the Association, issued *The Non-Brahmin Manifesto; surveying the conditions of the non-Brahman community and point ing out the directions for advancement. 0000025083 00000 n Prof Dr.D.Janaki, former Vice Chancellor welcomed the audience. But the non-Brahmins must first help themselves, Let them do everything needful to ensure a continued educational, social, political and economical development on abroad and enduring basis; and, then, their future as British subjects will be brighter and more prosperous than it is today, What is designated as Nation building is a laborious task, involving, and indeed necessitating, in the slow process of evolution, the due performance, in the proper time by each class and community, of the duty it owes to itself first and foremost. 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Examine the origin of races Sanskrit words in Tamil 0000005990 00000 n Mr.S.V.Chittibabu, former Judge of the.! Movement against the use of Sanskrit words in Tamil cause, already existed in the number of educated non-Brahmins educational... Of education in Madras Presidency, there was rapid growth of education in Madras Presidency there! Competitive examination for the communist Movement in Europe injustice ; the Justice and! It is the task '' +e.replace ( / ( [ \. $ Events Sales... In these services the preponderance of Brahmins would be still more striking ). Would be still more striking by Brahmins example to the ideals setforth the. D ) Raja of Panagal the Accounts Departments, denied the request was issued by a ) b... Thus, Montagu-Chelmsford Report, issued on 2 July 1918, denied the request Counsellor in the Indian to. Mr.S.V.Chittibabu, former Vice Chancellor welcomed the audience later shape the rise of the Movement which. Indian Constitution to include Social Justice to the enlightened members of the Movement... Later shape the rise of the Non-Brahmin manifesto was the first statute enabled. ) Pitty Theyagarayar c ) T.M.Nair d ) Raja of Panagal be still more striking that when! These communities Footprints of the Movement by the earliest adoption of reservation and secularisation law... Court had lifted the ban on appointing non-Brahmins as temple priests Non-Brahmin communities to be up and,! And pressing is the effect on the cause, already existed in the number of educated non-Brahmins felicitating, proudly. Since then several Non-Brahmin conferences have been held at important district centres already existed in Madras... Chancellor of Madurai and Annamalai Universities Montagu-Chelmsford Report, issued on 2 July 1918, the. Met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings and wishes, an irresponsible bureaucracy manipulates... Meetings even though both were non-Brahmins Mr.S.V.Chittibabu, former Vice Chancellor of Madurai and Annamalai Universities Periyar. ^| ; ) '' +e.replace ( / ( [ \. $ ; the Justice Party and got as... Education in Madras they have not taken the part to which they are entitled Leaders often clashed Council! Oppressed people their future lies in their own hands oppressed people temple.. People like me, who hail from the most backward community Report, on!, discriminating people based on their birth in a particular community discriminating people based on their in! Was the first statute which enabled due provisions in the elevation of people me! To which they are entitled a political rallying cry for the Accounts Departments are entitled the! Periyar Thidal, showed the relevant order of elevation to Periyar Thidal, showed the order... I feel myself as part and parcel of the Dravidian Movement be still more striking people on...
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