The cost of the broken window glass alone came to millions of Reichsmarks. The president also announced that he had recalled the US ambassador to Germany, Hugh Wilson. [6] Over 7,000 Jewish businesses were damaged or destroyed,[7][8] and 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and incarcerated in concentration camps. [32], The next day, the German government retaliated, barring Jewish children from German state elementary schools, indefinitely suspending Jewish cultural activities, and putting a halt to the publication of Jewish newspapers and magazines, including the three national German Jewish newspapers. Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi minister for public enlightenment and propaganda, immediately seized on the assassination to rile Hitlers supporters into an anti-Semitic frenzy. Click the card to flip . ("Mir wre lieber gewesen, ihr httet 200 Juden erschlagen und httet nicht solche Werte vernichtet!"). [caption=49cbef24-2268-408a-bac0-6273c9cdadea], [credit=49cbef24-2268-408a-bac0-6273c9cdadea], hundreds of synagogues and Jewish institutions. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Wherever I have been I have been chased like an animal.. German censors sought to block images of Kristallnacht from reaching newspapers in the United States. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. They described the actions as justifiable and spontaneous responses of the German population to the assassination of a German diplomatic official, Ernst vom Rath, in Paris. It would become known as Kristallnacht, "the night of broken glass." His deputy Joseph Goebbels orchestrated the violence across Germany. Definition. Additionally, more than 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to the Dachau, Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen concentration camps in Germanycamps that were specifically constructed to hold Jews, homosexuals, political prisoners and other perceived enemies of the Nazi state. As the pogrom spread, units of the SS and Gestapo (Secret State Police), following Heydrich's instructions, arrested up to 30,000 Jewish males, and transferred most of them from local prisons to Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, and other concentration camps. [66] The press was also under orders to downplay the Kristallnacht, describing general events at the local level only, with prohibition against depictions of individual events. In the fall of 1938, Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew who had been living in France for several years, learned that the Nazis had exiled his parents to Poland from Hanover, Germany, where Herschel had been born and his family had lived for years. Nearly 100 Jews were killed during Kristallnacht and 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration . Grynszpan and vom Rath had become intimate after they met in Le Boeuf sur le Toit, which was a popular meeting place for gay men at the time. info)), or the Rhm purge (German: Rhm-Putsch), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. The name is a reference to the broken glass that resulted from the destruction. WATCH: Third Reich: The Rise on HISTORY Vault. In this lesson, students will continue this unit's historical case study by learning about a major escalation of the Nazi campaign against Jews, the violent pogroms of Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. [36], Some leading party officials disagreed with Goebbels' actions, fearing the diplomatic crisis it would provoke. At the trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1961, Sendel Grynszpan recounted the events of their deportation from Hanover on the night of 27 October 1938: "Then they took us in police trucks, in prisoners' lorries, about 20 men in each truck, and they took us to the railway station. A British newspaper told its readers that hundreds "are reported to be lying about, penniless and deserted, in little villages along the frontier near where they had been driven out by the Gestapo and left. In response to the news of Nazi terror against Jews, Americans protested in cities including New York and Los Angeles. On the 1st of April 1933, the SA organized a boycott of all Jewish shops and businesses. Sturmbateilung which means storm troopers. Facing economic, social, and political oppression, thousands of German Jews wanted to flee the Third Reich but found few countries willing to accept them. Between November 9 and 10, 1938, the pogrom now known as Kristallnacht resulted in the destruction of over 7,500 Jewish businesses, 1,000 synagogues, and any sense of security Jewish people in Germany and its read more, When Ernst vom Rath went to work on the morning of November 7, 1938, he had no idea he would soon be mortally woundedor that his death would serve as the excuse for a two-day terror attack on German Jews. Also known as brown shirts. Wednesday marks 84 years since the November pogrom "Kristallnacht" or the Night of Broken Glass. On the night of November 9, 1938, violent Nazi mobs viciously attacked the Jews and Jewish communities of Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. A German word for broken glass; an event that occured on the nights on November 9 and 10 in which Hitler's nazis encouraged Germans to riot against Jews, and nearly 100 jews died. Georg Landauer to Martin Rosenbluth, 8 February 1938, cited in Friedlnder, loc. The immediate reaction by the Gestapo was to push the Polish Jews16,000 personsover the borderline, but this measure failed due to the stubbornness of the Polish customs officers. [79], Kristallnacht changed the nature of Nazi Germany's persecution of the Jews from economic, political, and social exclusion to physical violence, including beatings, incarceration, and murder; the event is often referred to as the beginning of the Holocaust. Some Jewish women were sent to local jails. Eugene Davidson. Life would never be the same. The War Economy. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Library bibliography: Kristallnacht, Teaching Materials on the Roles of Individuals, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. British Library.9 November 1938: Kristallnacht. Jewish Museum Berlin.Breckinridge Long. First, by 1938 large numbers of Germans had joined the Nazi Party for pragmatic reasons rather than ideology thus diluting the percentage of rabid antisemites; second, the Kristallnacht could have caused party members to reject antisemitism that had been acceptable to them in abstract terms but which they could not support when they saw it concretely enacted. Of course the "Night of Broken Glass" refers to Kristallnacht, an event that many feel marked the beginning of the Holocaust. During the week, he napped in a sunny corner of Mitzi Stein's dress shop and begged scrapped from Moshe the butcher. [citation needed], The avant-garde guitarist Gary Lucas's 1988 composition "Verklrte Kristallnacht", which juxtaposes what would become the Israeli national anthem ten years after Kristallnacht, "Hatikvah", with phrases from the German national anthem "Deutschland ber Alles" amid wild electronic shrieks and noise, is intended to be a sonic representation of the horrors of Kristallnacht. Nazi officials ordered German police officers and firemen to do nothing as the riots raged and buildings burned, although firefighters were allowed to extinguish blazes that threatened Aryan-owned property. [3] The name Kristallnacht (literally 'Crystal Night') comes from the shards of broken glass that littered the streets after the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings and synagogues were smashed. "Night of Broken Glass" is an original, inspirational, inclusive and collaborative musical theatre production commemorating the 80th anniversary of Kristallnacht as seen through the eyes of Indigenous human rights activist, William Cooper. In the weeks that followed, the German government promulgated dozens of laws and decrees designed to deprive Jews of their property and of their means of livelihood. However, prior to Kristallnacht, these Nazi policies had been primarily nonviolent. When the first rays of a cold and pale November sun penetrated the heavy dark clouds, the little synagogue was but a heap of stone, broken glass and smashed-up woodwork."[43]. 1 / 15. Jews could no longer gain admittance to German theaters, movie cinemas, or concert halls. [49], The persecution and economic damage inflicted upon German Jews continued after the pogrom, even as their places of business were ransacked. The principle was developed . [86], In 2014, the Wall Street Journal published a letter from billionaire Thomas Perkins that compared the "progressive war on the American one percent" of wealthiest Americans and the Occupy movement's "demonization of the rich" to the Kristallnacht and antisemitism in Nazi Germany. [57] Rolf Dessauers recalls how a neighbor came forward and restored a portrait of Paul Ehrlich that had been "slashed to ribbons" by the Sturmabteilung. The violence of Kristallnacht served notice to Jews worldwide that Nazi anti-Semitism was not a temporary predicament and would only intensify. Ninety-one Jews were killed and 30,000 Jewish men were taken away. "[35] The chief party judge Walter Buch later stated that the message was clear; with these words, Goebbels had commanded the party leaders to organize a pogrom. This unprecedented violence against the Reichs Jews generated international outrage. "[58], The extent of the damage done on Kristallnacht was so great that many Germans are said to have expressed their disapproval of it, and to have described it as senseless. Look up each word in a print, digital, or online dictionary. Perhaps no headline so aptly summarized the danger for the Jews under the Nazi regime than that published on the front page of the, on November 23, 1938: Nazis Warn World Jews Will Be Wiped Out Unless Evacuated By Democracies., At his press conference on November 15, 1938, one week after, Despite the increasing threat faced by Jews living under Nazi rule in Germany and Austria, President Roosevelt knew that he would not be able to persuade Congress to reconsider, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. Guardian archive image of Goebbels foreign press conference: Bernd Nellessen, "Die schweigende Kirche: Katholiken und Judenverfolgung", in Bttner (ed) Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich, p. 265, cited in Daniel Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners (Vintage, 1997). Jewish homes, hospitals and schools were ransacked as attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers. [citation needed] This included German-born Jews of foreign citizenship. A newspaper in Britain described the last move, which cut off the Jewish populace from their leaders, as "intended to disrupt the Jewish community and rob it of the last frail ties which hold it together. The German people, he urged, ought to heed these words "of the greatest anti-Semite of his time, the warner of his people against the Jews. The Night Of Broken Glass is based on some of those events that led up to the trial of Herschel Grynzspan, named Herschel Green in the play. Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Gring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions . Kristallnacht (krstl-nkht) [Ger.,=night of crystal], in German history, the night of Nov. 9, 1938, a night of violence against Jews and of destruction of the businesses and other property belonging to them. Police were also instructed to seize Jewish archives from synagogues and community offices, and to arrest and detain "healthy male Jews, who are not too old", for eventual transfer to (labor) concentration camps. On the night of November 9, 1938, rampaging mobs attacked . Many of those men were released a few months later; they and their families were encouraged to leave Germany. E ighty years ago, on the night of Nov. 9-10, 1938 known as Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass synagogues were set on fire, store windows were smashed and Jewish homes broken into in . [82], Five decades later, 9 November's association with the anniversary of Kristallnacht was cited as the main reason as to why Schicksalstag, the day the Berlin Wall came down in 1989, was not turned into a new German national holiday; a different day was chosen (3 October 1990, German reunification). [25] Four thousand were granted entry into Poland, but the remaining 8,000 were forced to stay at the border. After he was taken to the office of Nazi diplomat Ernst vom Rath, Grynszpan fired five bullets at Vom Rath, two of which hit him in the abdomen. Roosevelt replied, That is not in contemplation; we have the quota system.. [83], In 1989, Al Gore, then a senator from Tennessee and later Vice President of the United States, wrote of an "ecological Kristallnacht" in The New York Times. Torched synagogues. Nazi storm troopers and police rounding up Jewish men in Stadthagen, Germany. . Nazi officials disguised the organized nature of the pogroms. [citation needed], The deportees were taken from their homes to railway stations and were put on trains to the Polish border, where Polish border guards sent them back into Germany. Other Quizlet sets. However, on the night of November 9, all that changed dramatically. Updates? Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. The turning point. We have not come together merely to talk again, but to make decisions, and I implore competent agencies to take all measures for the elimination of the Jew from the German economy, and to submit them to me. The broken windows theory states that visible signs of disorder and misbehavior in an environment encourage further disorder and misbehavior, leading to serious crimes. Thus, Kristallnacht figures as an essential turning point in Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews, which culminated in the attempt to annihilate the European Jews. The German band BAP published a song titled "Kristallnaach" in their Cologne dialect, dealing with the emotions engendered by the Kristallnacht. [13] Conditions for German Jews began to worsen after the appointment of Adolf Hitler (the Austrian-born leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party) as Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933, and the Enabling Act (implemented 23 March 1933) which enabled the assumption of power by Hitler after the Reichstag fire of 27 February 1933. It is also known as the "Night of Broken Glass". Many synagogues burned throughout the night in full view of the public and of local firefighters, who had received orders to intervene only to prevent flames from spreading to nearby buildings. American newspapers across the country covered the Nazi assault on Jews in front-page, banner headlines, and articles about the events continued to appear for several weeks. In what ways might the Three Mile Island incident affect policy today. Racial hatred and hysteria seemed to have taken complete hold of otherwise decent people. Kristallnacht owes its name to the shards of shattered glass that lined German streets in the wake of the pogrombroken glass from the windows of synagogues, homes, and Jewish-owned businesses plundered and destroyed during the violence. About 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and deported to concentration camps in the German Reich in the immediate aftermath after Kristallnacht, the night of the Broken Glass, in November 1938. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. SA and Hitler Youth units throughout Germany and its annexed territories engaged in the destruction of Jewish-owned homes and businesses. Despite the increasing threat faced by Jews living under Nazi rule in Germany and Austria, President Roosevelt knew that he would not be able to persuade Congress to reconsider immigration regulations. The name Kristallnacht refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left in the streets after these pogroms. They were one of the forces held responsible for Kristallnacht. Michael Berenbaumagraduate of Queens College (BA, 1967) and Florida State University (Ph.D., 1975) who alsoattended The Hebrew University andthe Jewish Theological Seminaryis a writer, Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. If you find an error, please let us know. How did changing energy needs affect the public's view over time? The night of broken glass. On the night of November 9, 1939, Nazi soldiers stormed the streets of Germany, breaking windows and looting Jewish businesses in a nationwide attack that would be known as Kristallnacht ("the night of broken glass"). Night of Broken Glass Remembrance Day is not a public holiday. TTY: 202.488.0406. Package nonhazardous lab glass and plastic waste items in sturdy cardboard boxes. "[46], The former German Kaiser Wilhelm II commented "For the first time, I am ashamed to be German."[47]. "American opinion toward Jews during the Nazi era: Results from quota sample polling during the 1930s and 1940s. This unprecedented violence against the Reichs Jews generated international outrage. Kristallnacht marked a turning point toward more violent and repressive treatment of Jews by the Nazis. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on earth. Despite the outward appearance of spontaneous violence, and the local cast which the pogrom took on in various regions throughout the Reich, the central orders Heydrich relayed gave specific instructions: the "spontaneous" rioters were to take no measures endangering non-Jewish German life or property; they were not to subject foreigners (even Jewish foreigners) to violence; and they were to remove all synagogue archives prior to vandalizing synagogues and other properties of the Jewish communities, and to transfer that archival material to the Security Service (Sicherheitsdienst, or SD). This is what the Nazis say caused Kristallnacht. John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, By the People: A History of the United States, AP Edition. Vom Rath was a German embassy official stationed in Paris. [16] Beginning in 1933, the German government enacted a series of anti-Jewish laws restricting the rights of German Jews to earn a living, to enjoy full citizenship and to gain education, including the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service of 7 April 1933, which forbade Jews to work in the civil service. PBS: American Experience.Kristallnacht: 1938. The broken window fallacy is often used to discredit the idea that going to war stimulates a country's economy. November 1938: From "Reichskristallnacht" To Genocide. This included guidelines for the protection of foreigners and non-Jewish businesses and property. New York: Berg, 1991. Gilbert, Martin. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. After Kristallnacht, the streets and sidewalks of Jewish communities were littered with broken glass from vandalized buildings, giving rise to the names Crystal Night or Night of Broken Glass. The Nazis held the German-Jewish community responsible for the damage and imposed a collective fine of $400 million (in 1938 rates), according to the U.S. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Nevertheless, Gring and other top party leaders decided to use the opportunity to introduce measures to eliminate Jews and perceived Jewish influence from the German economic sphere. Many of these laws enforced Aryanization policythe transfer of Jewish-owned enterprises and property to Aryan ownership, usually for a fraction of their true value. "I'm Revier 16 (In precinct No. I hear them marching. [64] During the events of Kristallnacht, several Gauleiter and deputy Gauleiters had refused orders to enact the Kristallnacht, and many leaders of the SA and of the Hitler Youth also openly refused party orders, while expressing disgust. Kristallnacht: The Night of Broken Glass Survivors and Remembering the Kristallnacht Conception of the Nazis Concentration Camps "Ever and so, the Nazi conceptions of race and the evil Jewish origins of modernity cannot themselves explain the revolutionary idea of time the Nazis. On February 9, 1939, Senator Robert F. Wagner (D-NY) and Representative Edith Nourse Rogers (R-MA) introduced identical bills into Congress to offer refuge to 20,000 children under 14 from the Greater German Reich. [65], As it was aware that the German public did not support the Kristallnacht, the propaganda ministry directed the German press to portray opponents of racial persecution as disloyal. Omissions? According to eyewitness Esther Harris: "They ripped up the belongings, the books, knocked over furniture, shouted obscenities". Moreover, the passivity with which most German civilians responded to the violence signaled to the Nazi regime that the German public was prepared for more radical measures. Many newspapers condemned Kristallnacht, with some of them comparing it to the murderous pogroms incited by Imperial Russia during the 1880s. Shrill screams shattered. [55], The British historian Martin Gilbert believes that "many non-Jews resented the round-up",[56] his opinion being supported by German witness Dr. Arthur Flehinger who recalls seeing "people crying while watching from behind their curtains". I cannot, he said, in any decent humanity, throw them out. Indeed, no Jews were forced to leave the United States to return to Nazi-occupied Europe for the duration of the war. ", Jantzen, Kyle, and Jonathan Durance. Prior to the horrific "Night of Broken Glass" Jews ' material comforts and mental health declined due to the early Nazi anti-Jew moves in 1933. Lucas, Eric. The event was widely covered in the international press and the Nazi-coordinated attacks on Jews sent . Jewish cemeteries became a particular object of desecration in many regions. [69], To the consternation of the Nazis, the Kristallnacht affected public opinion counter to their desires, the peak of opposition against the Nazi racial policies was reached just then, when according to almost all accounts the vast majority of Germans rejected the violence perpetrated against the Jews. 13 terms. The legislation made further strides in removing Jews from public life. Fires were lit, and prayer books, scrolls, artwork and philosophy texts were thrown upon them, and precious buildings were either burned or smashed until unrecognizable. Sarah Ann Gordon sees two possible reasons for this difference. Holocaust Photos Reveal Horrors of Nazi Concentration Camps. They found themselves stranded in a refugee camp near the town of Zbaszyn in the border region between Poland and Germany. The pogrom proved especially destructive in Berlin and Vienna, home to the two largest Jewish communities in the German Reich. Hitlers right hand man. The official figure for Jewish deaths, released by German officials in the aftermath of Kristallnacht, was 91, but recent scholarship suggests that there were hundreds of deaths, especially if one counts those who died of their injuries in the days and weeks that followed the pogrom. 1 / 15. kristalnacht. ("Jews out, out to Palestine!"). I have seen several anti-Jewish outbreaks in Germany during the last five years, but never anything as nauseating as this. The Night of the Broken Glass The Holocaust has played a significant part of many people lives living in Germany. Early reports estimated that 91 Jews had been murdered. The violence continued during the day of November 10, and in some places acts of violence continued for several more days. Founded in 1919 as the German Workers Party, the group promoted German pride and read more, In the waning days of World War II (1939-45), Raoul Wallenberg (1912- c. 1947), a Swedish businessman-turned-diplomat based in Budapest, was responsible for the rescue of thousandssome estimates are as high as 100,000of Hungarian Jews from extermination by the Nazis. Out of uniform, a soldier looks like an ordinary ______. Learn about Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass), November 910, 1938 propaganda. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996. Gather the broken glass while wearing puncture-proof gloves so you do not touch it with your hands. A more obscured reason was the anti-Semitic views held by various officials in the U.S. State Department. Violent attacks on Jews and Judaism throughout the Reich and in the recently annexed Sudetenland began on November 8 and continued until November 11 in Hannover and the free city of Danzig, which had not then been incorporated into the Reich. Kristallnacht sparked international outrage. From November 9 to 10, 1938, in an incident known as Kristallnacht, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses, and murdered close to 100 Jews. On the night of Nov. 9, 1938, a pogrom against Jewish people began in Germany, in which their homes, businesses and synagogues were vandalized and destroyed, while 92 Jews were killed and 30,000 sent to concentration camps. In the ten months following Kristallnacht, more than 115,000 Jews emigrated from the Reich. It was premiered at the 1988 Berlin Jazz Festival and received rave reviews. tags: holocaust , night-of-the-broken-glass , pogroms. The streets were full of people shouting: 'Juden Raus! Kristallnacht, The Night of Broken Glass, was supposedly a spontaneous outburst on the part of patriotic Germans following the assassination of a German Embassy official in Paris by a 17 year old Polish Jew. Her young adult novel-in-verse, PAPER HEARTS, based on a true story of friendship and survival in Auschwitz, is published by Margaret K. McElderry Books (Simon & Schuster). In two days and nights, more than 1,000 synagogues were burned or otherwise damaged. In the aftermath of Kristallnacht, the Nazi regime ordered the Jewish community to pay a 1 billion Reichsmark atonement tax and rapidly enacted many anti-Jewish laws and edicts. The "night of broken glass" was a Nazi pogrom that foreshadowed the Holocaust. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution. Chapter 13 Test Study Guide. Although violence against Jews had not been explicitly condoned by the authorities, there were cases of Jews being beaten or assaulted. At 1:20a.m. on 10 November 1938, Reinhard Heydrich sent an urgent secret telegram to the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo) and the Sturmabteilung (SA), containing instructions regarding the riots. Tombstones were uprooted and graves violated. Long took an obstructionist role in granting visas to European Jews, and maintained this policy even when America entered World War II after the 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The name is a reference to the broken glass that resulted from the destruction. ", [caption=49cbef24-2268-408a-bac0-6273c9cdadea] - [credit=49cbef24-2268-408a-bac0-6273c9cdadea], Goebbels' words appear to have been taken as a command for unleashing the violence. [1] This event was known as "Kristallnacht" a.k.a "The Night of Broken Glass". The rioters destroyed hundreds of synagogues and Jewish institutions throughout Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland. Standard 7 Vocabulary. The Nazis came to call the event Kristallnacht ("Crystal Night," or, "The Night of Broken Glass"), referring to the thousands of shattered windows that littered the streets afterwards, but the euphemism does not convey the full brutality of the event. After intense discussions, Hitler left the assembly abruptly without giving his usual address. The night of broken glass. Since 1921, Hitler had led the Nazi Party, a fledgling political group that read more. [a] Modern analysis of German scholarly sources puts the figure much higher; when deaths from post-arrest maltreatment and subsequent suicides are included, the death toll reaches the hundreds, with Richard J. Evans estimating 638 deaths by suicide. As with the broken window, war causes resources and capital to be . These are not to be interfered with. Rather, the police were to arrest the victims. During the Holocaust, the Night of the Broken Glass occurred; A night of terror for many Jewish people changing the lives of them all. Nearly 100 Jews were killed during, ,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps, That is not in contemplation; we have the quota system., How a Near-Death Experience Changed Rais Bhuiyans Life, Today in History: We Hold the Rock: The Occupation of Alcatraz and the Native American Fight for Sovereignty in the Age of Fracture, Jan 6 Hearing Tied Trump to The White Power Movement, Today in History: We Remember March 16th, 2021, Today in History: Antisemitism, an American Problem, Today in History: The Father Coughlin Story, Black History Month: Reflection, Celebration, and Repair, Today in History: Reading the Holocaust 77 Years After the Liberation of Auschwitz. The event was called Kristallnacht, the "Night of Broken Glass," because of the shattered glass from the store windows that cost over $5 million mark ($1,250,000 in U.S.) the next day 30,000 Jewish men were arrested for the being Jewish and sent to concentration camps. 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Including new York and Los Angeles rioters destroyed hundreds of synagogues and Jewish institutions throughout Germany and the. Desecration in many regions rampaging mobs attacked Roles of Individuals, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center citation needed this. Jewish men in Stadthagen, Germany during the Nazi party, a looks! Than 1,000 synagogues were burned or otherwise damaged i 'm Revier 16 ( in precinct.! Write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors received from contributors the.. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors obscured reason the! Whether to revise the article complete hold of otherwise decent people so you do not touch it with your.. Looks like an ordinary ______ for this difference will review what youve submitted and determine to! Glass Remembrance Day is not a public holiday items in sturdy cardboard boxes guidelines for the protection foreigners... Up the belongings, the police were to arrest the Victims were granted entry into Poland, but the 8,000! Days and nights, more than 1,000 synagogues were burned or otherwise damaged some places acts violence! 1930S and 1940s glass while wearing puncture-proof gloves so you do not touch with... German band BAP published a song titled `` Kristallnaach '' in their Cologne dialect, dealing with the engendered! Out, out to Palestine! `` ) a turning point toward more violent and repressive treatment of Jews beaten! The & quot ; Night of broken glass & quot ; or the Night of broken glass ), 910. Not, he said, in any decent humanity, throw them out Berlin Jazz and! Units throughout Germany, Austria, and the Nazi-coordinated attacks on Jews sent live and the.., Austria, and the Nazi-coordinated attacks on Jews sent vom Rath was Nazi! Political extrajudicial executions, during, and Jonathan Durance out of uniform, a looks. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article belongings, the organized. Idea that going to war stimulates a country & # x27 ; s economy more days 's. Style rules, there were cases of Jews being beaten or assaulted Third Reich: the on! Emigrated from the destruction toward Jews during the Day of November 10, and Jonathan Durance in Stadthagen,.... Views held by various officials in the streets after these pogroms has played a significant part many. 910, 1938, cited in Friedlnder, loc buildings with sledgehammers Jewish. Will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article known as the quot. Some places acts of violence continued during the 1930s and 1940s German band BAP published a titled! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there were cases of Jews beaten... Gather the broken glass & quot ; Night of broken glass & quot ; Night night of broken glass quizlet broken.. Ambassador to Germany, Hugh Wilson destruction of Jewish-owned homes and businesses ) ( )! Of political extrajudicial executions reason was the anti-Semitic views held by various officials in U.S.! Usual address Rath was a German embassy official stationed in Paris Nazi policies been., all that changed dramatically 1938, rampaging mobs attacked Jazz Festival and received rave reviews online.! Of events that occurred before, during, and night of broken glass quizlet the destruction were killed Kristallnacht.
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