These fortified churches, or kirchenburgen as they are known in standard German, had defensive capacities in the event of a foreign attack on a rural Transylvanian Saxon community (e.g. These German settlers were invited by Gza II. I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. extensive inner and outer walls and a fortified watch tower). Known as "Transylvanian Saxons," they occupied parts of Romania for centuries, establishing autonomous fortresses, cities and villages. Church keeper Hildegard Linzing and her family all speak in the Saxon dialect when they are at home (Credit: Stephen McGrath). But as the years passed, Schuster was drawn back to Cincor, where she found a very different place to the one shed left. The churches were positioned on high points overlooking the communities; stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone walls. During the Modern Age, they favoured more and more the Romanians in order for the latter to obtain increased and rightful political, social, and cultural rights before the Hungarian nobility, with Transylvanian Saxon intellectuals pleading for the Latinity of the Romanian language and the Romanian people. This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral built by the Transylvanian Saxons in. She recently made a series of tote bags from recycled second-hand clothes for a collaborative art project. Over the next few centuries, they built seven fortress towns, known as the Siebenbrgen, and hundreds of fortified churches. We took our traditions from our parents and grandparents, she said. Abstract Records (1902-1981) of the Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons (Cleveland, Ohio), a fraternal and insurance organization, include convention minutes. wie wir sie wissen, nicht gebraucht. To download a copy, please contact hello@wikitongues.org.Th. Good luck in your hunt! Allegedly, the term Saxon was applied to all Germans of these historical regions because the first German settlers who came to the Kingdom of Hungary were either poor miners or groups of convicts from Saxony.[23]. Having lived in Transylvania for centuries, the Transylvanian-Saxons no longer . After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. Ages). He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. Transylvanian Saxons, German-speaking population that in the Middle Ages settled in Transylvania, then part of Hungary. For decades, the main . They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). Sighioara citadel, arguably the most authentic and best preserved medieval town in Europe. The Saxon Lutheran Church, a focal point of Saxon politics, lost 55% of its lands, and many towns lost over 50% of their private property (Gndisch 1). I cant explain this kind of attachment, Stanciu said. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. Additionally, German potters and merchants were also present in the former Moldavian capital of Suceava at the end of the 14th century. In Transylvania, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in the Middle Ages; now only half of them still stand. When I visited my aunt when I was 18, I entered the house and I felt a connection, I felt that this is a place where I have roots. During the reign of Hungarian King Charles I (probably 13251329; also referred to as Charles Robert d'Anjou), the Saxons were organized in the Saxon Chairs (or seats) as follows: The territorial extent of the aforementioned Saxon seats can be clearly seen in depth in the maps from the gallery below: Zwei Sthle (i.e. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. The rapid expansion of cities populated by the Saxons led to Transylvania being known in German as Siebenbrgen and Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis in Latin[d], referring to seven of the fortified towns (see Historical names of Transylvania), most likely: Other potential candidates for this list include: Other notable urban Saxon settlements include: In addition to fortifying their towns over the passing of time, the Transylvanian Saxons also had to fortify their villages by building their fortified churches (the Transylvanian Saxons were initially strongly Roman Catholic then Evangelical Lutheran after the Reformation). As the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania was one of the most religiously tolerant states in Europe at the time, the Saxons were allowed to practice their own religion (meaning that they enjoyed religious autonomy). Alongside the Zipser Germans (also sometimes known or referred to as Zipser Saxons), the Transylvanian Saxons are one of the two eldest German-speaking and ethnic German groups in Central-Eastern Europe, having continuously been living there since the High Middle Ages onwards. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Arhivirano 2021-01-22 na Wayback Machine. For this study, 59 male samples were collected from the Siebenburgen area, subjects being selected by their Saxon surnames and . original holder of the name, there are, Neben den in der Heimat gewachsenen Nachnamen nimmt die Liste von The initial waves of Transylvanian Saxons were referred to as hospites flandrenses et teutonici or primi hospites regni in Latin,[12] literally "the Flemish and Teutonic guests" or "the first guests of the kingdom" (i.e. They got by on one name and used a personal identifier when needed. In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. We want to pass on our traditions to our children because it is something beautiful. In February 1942 and May 1943, Germany concluded agreements with Hungary and Romania respectively, following which the Germans who were fit for military service, although they were either Hungarian citizens (in Northern Transylvania, entered the composition of the Hungarian state through the Second Vienna Award) or Romanian citizens (in Southern Transylvania, remaining part of Romania), could be incorporated into the regular German military units, into the Waffen-SS and into war-producing enterprises or into the Organisation Todt. 40% of the population of 1910), and between 1991 and 1992 another 75,000 emigrated. Pejmer and its shelter rooms. About. Jewish Communities Beginning in 1627, Jews were granted the right to settle, at first exclusively, in Karlsburg. During World War II, many disaffected Saxons sided with. 5 5 In 1714, a personal union was established between Britain and the Electorate of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire based on the . Not only one of the most common Romanian surnames but also a very popular first name among boys, Bogdan is a . Saxons in Wallachia also settled in Rmnic (i.e. German minority in Romania, in the Transylvanian region, Flag of the Transylvanian Saxons and the coat of arms of the, Medieval fortified Evangelical Lutheran church at. A vocabulary list of the Transylvanian Saxon dialect spoken in Zeiden (Codlea) presented by Gert-Werner Liess. Many saw it as an escape from communist Romania, and willingly left. Gert-Werner Liess lists a series of expressions used in the Zeiden dialect along with a standard German translation and an explanation of their meaning. z.B. place-related (current dwelling location, former . 'Neithausen' or 'New house' as it can be understood in Luxembourgish if divided into two words). . . Romanian-language map depicting the total territorial extent of the Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania. Barbaneagra. They were subsequently allied with the Transylvanian Romanians and thus sided with the Austrian Empire in the context of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. This 1955 circa photo shows, in addition to the building exterior, a garden added in 1953 and a memorial to Veterans added in 1955. The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. Their number shrank to 14,770 according to the data provided by the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania in 2003.[45]. dr. Thomas Ngler", Unsere Deutsche Wurzeln/Our German Roots - Namensemantik (Deutung) der Siebenbrgisch-Schsische Familliennamen (Surnames), Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages, An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA, The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch, Transylvanian placenames in different languages, General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons, 'Hover & Hear' pronunciations in the Transylvanian Saxon language, Visual short story about the Transylvanian Saxons (with many archive images), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxons&oldid=1141880666, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:28. . (adjectives describing the person physically or their personality and Today, relatively few still live in Romania, where the second last official census (carried out in 2011) indicated 36,042 Germans, out of which only 11,400 were of Transylvanian Saxon descent. The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (Jerman) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (Jerman) 4. Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. Arbeit-verwandt (der Berufsname oder auch eine Anspielung zu einer Arbeit, Transylvania County, North Carolina - Transylvania County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Saxons came to Transylvania during the mid 1100s from . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Although the primary reason for Gza II's invitation was border defence, similar to employing the Szeklers against foreign invaders in the east of Transylvania, Germans were also sought for their mining expertise as well as the ability to develop the region's economy. Additionally, it is equally important to mention the fact that the family name 'Sas' or 'Sasu' in Romanian and 'Szsz' respectively in Hungarian could denote both an ethnic lineage as well as a social liaison to the Saxon title awarded in Transylvania during the High Middle Ages. A second phase of German settlement during the early 13th century consisted of settlers primarily stemming from the Rhineland region, the southern Low Countries, and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia, Bavaria, and even from France. Old Town Braov one of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania. Read More. Theyd been invited to settle the area by Hungarys King Gza II; their role was to develop an economy and to protect the borderlands of the Hungarian Kingdom from eastern invaders. In Zeiden gebruchliche Redewendungen. However, some younger Saxons, like Zakel, are proudly returning to these communities, focused on preserving what their ancestors left behind. The latter region, centered around the town of Mhlbach (Romanian: Sebe), was known as Unterwald. Like flowers competing for pollinators, its states outdid each other in advertising economic privileges and . Anglo-Saxons often named their child by combining parts of the names of the parents. The surname is a Siebenburgen Saxon or Transylvanian Saxon specific surname. . Nearly 150,000 Romanians have this last name. [37], Saxon colonization in Moldavia had likely occurred through a crossing from the Bistria area eastward and northward whereas Saxon colonization in Wallachia had likely occurred from the Sibiu/Hermannstadt area. The similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar nature. Even though Transylvania is today a part of Romania, historically it belonged to various medieval rulers. Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. Transylvanian Saxon; in its longest form Siweberjesch-Sksesch) and remains, still to this day, very closely related to Luxembourgish with which it shares many lexical similarities. " Popa - This surname means "priest" and has roots in both Romanian and Slavic. Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. In this particular process, they founded or co-founded major historical settlements in both principalities such as Trgu Neam (German: Niamtz), Baia (German: Stadt Molde or Moldennmarkt), Trgovite (German: Tergowisch), or Cmpulung (German: Langenau). Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 533 pixels. Members of the Transylvania Saxon community are working to restore the regions traditional architecture (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Before their expulsion from communist Romania by communist and securist Romanian authorities, the Transylvanian Saxons formed distinct communities in their towns and villages, where they maintained their ethnic tradition characterised by specific customs, folklore, way of life, and distinctive clothing style (i.e. . The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. In the centuries-old settlement, rows of typical old Saxon peasant houses pastel-coloured, lime-washed farmhouses with large, arched gates designed to allow the passing of hay-laden horse carts begin to tell the story of a forgotten people. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen[6][7] or simply Soxen, singularly Sox or Soax; Transylvanian Landler: Soxn or Soxisch; Romanian: Sai ardeleni, sai transilvneni/transilvani; Hungarian: erdlyi szszok) are a people of mainly German ethnicity (and overall Germanic origin; mostly Luxembourgish) who settled in Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania, German: Siebenbrgen or Transsilvanien, Latin: Transsilvania, Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis, Medieval Latin: Trnsylvnia) in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. Together they are translated as "black beard". Period: 2002 to 2005", "Southern Bukovina German villages 1940", Jan Erich Schulte, Michael Wildt (Hg. Sibiu - the Cultural Capital of Transylvania and a fine example of 14th and 15th centuries urban planning. Their region was called the Szszfld (Hungarian: Saxon Lands) or Kirlyfld (Royal Lands). wahrscheinlich im frhen Mittelalter verloren.). Herberth, just like his ancestors would have, even brings raw wood by horse and cart from the local forest, which he says incurs far less waste and is more environmentally friendly. Surnames are now important in identifying individuals and families over time. Hanklich from a local restaurant in Sibiu/Hermannstadt, Hanklich from a local bakery in Braov/Kronstadt, The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, The proper usage of the term Saxon in the context of medieval Transylvania, Medieval colonies outside the Carpathian arch, Status of privileged class in Transylvania, Loss of elite status and unification with the Kingdom of Romania, The Hungarian King who invited the first German/Saxon settlers in Transylvania during the, The small blue grey-coloured region to the north of the map is situated in present-day. Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names Geni requires JavaScript! It has forty-three branches and approximately 10,000 members. Although the Hungarian control over Transylvania was defeated by Austrian and Imperial Russian forces in 1849, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary in 1867 did not represent a positive transformation for the political rights of the Saxons. To guard the mountain passes of the Carpathians (German: Karpaten) against the Cumans, the knights constructed numerous castles and towns, including the major city of Kronstadt (Romanian: Braov). fortified churches). "Siebenbrgische Zeitung". Two Seats), Mediasch und Schelk. . 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